Yelläks /ˈyæl•eks/

After a long time I went on a cycle tour again. This time the east of Bangalore was explored for the first and definitely not for the last time. We started at around 5:30AM in the morning. It was just about to dawn with very less traffic on the roads. An hour later we reached the outskirts of Bangalore east wondering how easy that went. Memories came up about tours towards the south of Bangalore involving the crossing of Sultanpet which is already very busy at that time with lots of traffic and pollution.

Smooth roads led to Devangonthi from which we went north. The roads are excellent. However nearby to that stretch are some terminals for gas and petrol, hence many tank lorries speed on the roads even in the morning. We had a little break at a shrine on top of a lonely hill. Based on chicken feathers that were lying around, a bloody stone and a cooking place, it seemed the shrine also functioned as a kitchen for some non-veg food many times in the past.

We had breakfast in a shack next to SH-17. The food was good and we watched the cow in front of the shack being cleaned with brush and even soap. We met with NH-4 in Hoskote to go back to Bangalore through the northern villages. On NH-4 we met a motorbike rider asking why we cycle. We explained that we do it just for fun causing him to shake his head in disbelieve. He wondered why we cycle without having a motto or a theme.

Recently many people ride through India (even from Kashmiri to Kanyakumari) having some motto in mind. Some want to create awareness for eye donations, some for the medical situation in some rural villages. Although I really appreciate the initiatives, too many and not related to cycling will cause more good than harm in the end. If everybody goes cycling to create awareness, the real cases drown in the sheer amount of cycling awareness programs.

[Show as slideshow]

Although most of the roads were in excellent condition there were a few bumpy stretches, but nothing spectacular nor impossible to go with a road bike.

The route can be easily altered regarding the personal fitness. For instance, if you go north on SH 35 towards Kadugodi instead all the way east to Devangonthi, the trip is cut short by about 20km totaling in 65km (from IISc). If you want to go a little bit further, the next option is going north in NH207, adding another 10km. But also extensions to more than the 85km that are described here are possible. However that will be reported another time.

Distance of the tour: 85km

GPX files

• BangaloreEast.gpx

.

The month end long cycle ride by the Bangalore Bikers Club (BBC) went from Bangalore to Horahalli on NH209 first. Since we started from IISc at around 5:15AM, we had to cross whole Bangalore including its traffic first. Since we could not make it in time to the starting point, it became our job to sweep, meaning catch up with the last riders which we did on NH209. The ride was fairly eventless apart from a spectacular stunt performed by Nirmal, who while watching a bird, slipped from the paved road into the mud at the side. He was so surprised that he applied the front brake and showed us a beautiful Salto Totale including his cycle at its best. From that point onwards we tried to convince him to give another performance by pointing out all kind of flying species. But to no avail. Fortunately nothing serious happened apart from a few scratches at his knee and shoulder.

In Horahalli we got lost on the search for the breakfast point. After some searching, many questions and many more fingers pointing into the wrong direction, we found Jayaram Breakfast Point hidden behind some houses in a inconspicuous, unpaved side road. After loading ourselves with idlis and a much better lemon rice, we took off towards Hunasanahalli. These roads and the ones continuing towards Anchetty are full of scenic speed breakers which can be fully enjoyed while puffing and steaming up the hills. The scenic view of these roads with only minimal traffic is simply awesome.

In Anchetty we had lunch and we got annoyed by a fellow who tried to drag us into his restaurant while we sat in one of his competitor’s. He was very intrusive and did not stop at all even while eating he told us how bad the food is. After indulging with not-so-bad-at-all dosai and rice we turned north towards Denkanikottai and mastered the climbs in between. Last time when I rode on that road, it was dark and the steep ascend could not be seen. But during daylight it can be a little bit frustrating.

[Show as slideshow]

In Denkanikottai a 13 year old boy (name forgotten) who rode along with us, wanted to take the bus back to Hosur or better Bangalore. It was already 4:30PM and nobody of us had a head light. All roads leading from Denkanikottai to Thally or Hosur are pitch black dark and nothing can be seen. Hence it would be dangerous to ride on these roads after nightfall. So we thought that we tell him to wait there till the bus comes and load the cycle on top of it. However even here the people were very intrusive, touched everything and shouted at us. In addition some of them were drunk making a big fuss seeing us at the bus stand. Like “hawks” (recited from Nirmal, our bird watcher) they started to follow us everywhere within the bus stand, so we had to relocate ourselves once in a while. Usually people are curious but silent observers. Sometimes somebody is brave enough to step forward and to ask a question like “Gear cycleaaaaAAAaaa?” But everything in a very polite way. It is the first time that I experience such an aggressive behavior. So we did not leave the boy alone and slowly he rode with us. On the way we met another cyclist and the boy continued to ride with him while we started speeding towards Hosur to reach the NH7 in daylight.

From Hosur the ride was not very spectacular and nothing worth mentioned happened and we reached IISc at 8:30PM.

Distance of the tour: 210km

GPX files

• Bangalore-Horahalli-Anchetti-Hosur-Bangalore_Simplified.gpx

.

Bangalore -> Pondicherry

I started my solo ride in the night from Thursday to Friday at around 4:30am after a restless and sleepless night. The morning was fresh and cool and soon Bangalore was far behind while traveling on NH-7 towards Hosur. To avoid the heat and the sun of the uncovered NH-7, I left it and turned right towards Rayakottai and on the same road further south east up to Harur, where I had breakfast. So far the roads were in a very good condition and the intensity of traffic was less. After Harur, the road is not descending anymore and every little hill can be felt in the already exhausted legs. The sun burnt merciless and even the shadow of the dried up trees at the side of the road was not refreshing. Water consumption was very high and despite the fact, that I carried around 3.5 liters with me (when the bottles were fully refilled), it lasted only for approximately 50km, before the bottles went empty.
After reaching SH-6 I took a right through a small unpaved road for 5km after which the condition of the road became very good again. Following the unnamed river coming from the Sathanur Reservoir ensured no major climbs or downhills anymore. It became dark and the highway to and from Villupuram became very busy. Many times people on bikes road along with me trying to talk in Tamil. Usually I replied with “Enakke Tamil teriadu.” (I do not know Tamil. There might be a misspelling here, sorry for that). That was typically answered with the usual way, in which a question is formed in Tamil: adding a long aaaaaaa at the end of the just said sentence, such as: “Ohooo, Tamil teriadaaaaaa?” In any case, it was obvious, what they meant: Where are you going or where you are coming from? To cover both cases, I pointed forward saying “Pondicherry” and then pointed backwards with the thumb saying “Bangalore”. – “Bangalorraaaaaaaaaaaaa??? Ayyyyoooooo”.

In Pondicherry I had my last break due to a really bad cramp in both legs, front and back. No cycling and no walking anymore. Fortunately it went away after around 5 minutes in which I stood there at the side of the highway like a statue unable to move. Finally after 348.67km and after 18 hours and 46 minutes of riding (including breaks), I reached Pondicherry University and was warmly welcomed by my friends eagerly waiting for hours for me to arrive.

Pondicherry -> Bangalore

This time, I thought, yes, this time I am smart and beat the heat of the plain of Pondicherry by starting after sunset. Due to some emotional circumstances, I started rather late at around 9pm on Monday, but I wanted to cover as many kilometers as possible during the night. I also wanted to know, how it feels, when the shadows of the shrubs and trees zoom by in the darkness and through what problems the guys went during the Bangalore Brevets. It was disastrous. First of all I always overestimated the speed I am traveling: I assumed speeds of around 25 to 30kph which were in fact barely touching 20kph. The boards announcing the distances to Bangalore started at around 278km. After a felt hour of hard riding the next board announced, how much to go: 270km. I could not believe it. All the effort for a meager 8km. The thought crossed my mind: If I can only cover so much distance in that time with that effort, how will I manage the next 270km?

Nevertheless NH-66 to Tindivanam is very new and in an excellent condition. There are two NH-66 to Tindivanam: One is going through the villages (the old one), and the other one (which I took) bypasses all the speed breakers etc. In Tindivanam I continued on NH-66 towards Krishnagiri. But this portion of the highway is the worst I have ever seen. The whole night turned out to be one single pothole evading and dodging exercise. I decided that I take the bus from Thiruvannamalai or take a lodge. Just before I reached the town, I had an urgent call from Mother Nature. One advice: Do not eat chicken, egg noodles, etc the evening before, even if your friends just meant to help you. Punishment follows, guaranteed. Fortunately I got an additional bottle of water with me, so after successful unloading I felt quite refreshed and entered Thiruvannamalai. It seems that this town is a temple town and some sort of festival was approaching. So either lodges were filled, the receptionist did not answer my calls at something like 3:30AM in the morning, or the charges were quite high. In addition, no bus left that town into my direction. The buses only entered Thiruvannamalai from all sides. However since I still felt quite lighter (due to the unloading mentioned earlier ), I continued the dodging exercise till sunrise. In Chengam I hit my lowest point in my motivation graph so far. I was simply done. Done with everything, cycling, walking, done with the whole world.

I did not expect a bus leaving to Bangalore from Chengam, but some friendly cyclist going to driving school in the morning pointed me out into the right direction of the bus stop and fortunately for me, a bus was about to leave to Krishnagiri. YEAH! I though, you are my savior. The helpful villagers lifted my cycle onto the roof of the bus and tied it with a 15cm long rope (see photo below) onto the carrier. I sank in one of the seats and waited for the lift off, which came almost instantly. PATSCHAK! Pothole! My cycle on top made a loud banging noise when it hit on the roof again. The speeding driver used all his force to horn people, lorries and other obstacles (like potholes, which did not move, so the bus took them anyway) out of the way, while I sat inside observing the windows closely and expecting a large shadow flying by at any moment, followed by a crashing sound when my cycle hit the ground.

After arriving in Krishnagiri, I expected nothing to find, when I climbed up onto the roof of the bus. But the cycle was still there. Somewhere on the way, the short rope teared off and the cycle was sliding back and forth with the movement of the bus. So it had some scratches on the handlebar, but no major damage. For the whole trip in the bus (around 100km) I paid Rs.22 for the ticket and Rs.20 for the luggage. It was worth it.

I had breakfast in Krishnagiri and that charged my confidence again. With the impression that Hosur is only 50km away and Bangalore another 50km after that (roughly), I started my journey again. This time, no shade on NH-7 and somebody forgot to tell me that Krishnagiri is 411m above mean-sea-level, but Hosur is 750m. The sun got its big artillery canons out and happily roasted and toasted the poor, little, struggling and lonely cyclist down on earth. The climbs between Krishnagiri and Hosur are pure torture, even without the headwinds and despite the good road conditions. So far I do not know, if I like or dislike the headwinds. On one side they hampered my enthusiasm to move forward, on the other side they were cooling a lot. Riding in sticky air is probably more uncomfortable. Anyhow it is always like this: Whatever you do not have at a particular moment, you want the most. E.g. in the night, you want light to see the potholes, but during day, you complain about the heat.

[Show as slideshow]

Again the discussion started in my head: You must be crazy, take the bus. And I promised myself, in Hosur I will. But after reaching Hosur only a few kilometers need to be mastered, so I continued despite the fact that slowly the chain ran out of oil and started to make the famous grinding sound. So next time, if I go on such long trips, I will take a tiny little vessel with me containing oil. As a alternative, you can also go to some parked 2-wheelers at the side and flick some drops of oil out of their engine. But this idea I had just now.

I left NH-7 in Attibele and went towards Sarjapur. Then I continued on Sarjapur Road towards Outer Ring Road. As some people are aware, there is a big sports store on the very same road and I could not resist and went shopping for a while. Sweaty, stinky, dirty and salty all over the place. At least everybody could see that I am not a pseudo sport activist doing 30 mins walk a day and searching for a pair of shoes in the range of Rs.5000 to show off. Anyway I did not buy anything (apart from a refreshing lemon juice).

I continued on ORR to avoid the well known Bangalorean traffic, in which vehicles are more parked than moved and with a dry chain I reached IISc at around 5:15PM and 255.89km (excluding the distance covered by bus which was 80.73km). On Tuesday itself and after taking bath, I walked around like a penguin. My legs were stiff and my butt paining. So I decided to go to bed at 6pm. Surprisingly next morning I did not feel any side effects from the cycle tour.

Some things that I learned during the trip:

1. Take a rope with you. It should be around 3m long. First this will help to load and unload the cycle to the roof carrier of a bus, since you can hurl it up like a crane. Secondly you can secure the cycle properly.
2. Even if you have panniers, do not fill them up, just because you have the space. Remember, every gram you load, you have to carry along.
3. Eat well, but do it healthy. Avoid oily stuff in the night before.
4. Do not ride alone. Especially at night. It is not because of safety, it is because the trip in the night becomes so much longer and very boring and frustrating.
5. There is probably more points, but I will rediscover them next time

Distance of the tour: 348.67km (Bangalore to Pondicherry) + 336.62km (Pondicherry to Bangalore) = 685.29km

GPX files

• Bangalore to Pondicherry
• Pondicherry to Bangalore

The yellow section represents the part of the journey where I “cheated” (that I covered by bus). In the GPX download above I merged the separated sections into one single file, so that you can follow that route easily.

.

We were supposed to meet at 5:15am at our usual meeting point to be ready to leave at 5:30am However also as usual we left around 6:00am for our trip to Magadi and Maddur. A practice ride for the Brevets held in Bangalore. After a few warm-up climbs on Pipeline road, we joined Magadi Road which was relatively empty and we could keep up a good pace till Magadi. In between the group was split up into 2 and while we had breakfast in Magadi where we tucked in the pizza-sized idlis with really spicy chutney, the others had it in Thippa Godnahalli (T.G. Halli).

From Magadi we went towards Hullyurdurga on nicely paved roads with very less traffic and mostly downhill. Shortly after Hullyurdurga we entered a village and had some snacks. There we did the mistake asking for directions to Koppa. Since there were 2 alternative ways, the question was which one had the better surface. The villagers recommended to take the shorter one. We told them to direct the riders of the second group into the same direction and left.

For the next 20km which felt like 50km, we experienced very bad roads with lot of cobble stones making it difficult to ride. Fortunately we came back onto paved roads near Koppa and we could keep a nice pace until Maddur, where we had an excellent lunch. While we had lunch, the second group caught up. Asking them about the hints we left behind for them, they said that the villagers who send us onto the bad road, told them to go the other alternative way and that they were wondering, why we went onto the recommended road. So, again one thing learned: Do not listen to and recommendations. Anyway there was no loss nor gain, since it seems that the alternative way was as bad as the way we took.

[Show as slideshow]

After Maddur we went on the Bangalore-Mysore Road towards Channapatna and from there to Ramanagara. Riding on the highway is one of the most boring things to do (one reason, why I do not like to ride the Brevets). The 20km on the highway felt like the longest one so far and it was literally never ending. From Ramanagara we went side roads towards Manchanabele through very beautiful scenery and less traffic. The climb at the Manchanabele dam was short and painful, but immediately rewarded with a steep descent. Passing the radio telescope and the Big Banyan Tree we went through the fields and villages to be welcomed back in Bangalorean traffic at the Magadi Road/NICE Ring Road junction. After a short stretch on Magadi Road we turned left to follow Pipeline Road in the same way back that we went in the morning. By now the Pipeline Road was crowded with traders, stalls and lot’s of people which was a unfamiliar sight, since I never took this road in the evening. The up and down hills of Pipeline Road were interesting, especially after riding for almost 200km on that day. The best comes last

At around 6pm we reached ISKCON temple and we had some ice creams. While the second group was still riding. They continued on the highway and experienced heavy traffic. It seems that everybody who visits his/her family or goes on a trip during the weekends, returns on Sunday night and congests the roads.

Distance of the tour: 204km

GPX files

• Magadi_Maddur.gpx

.

Actually I wanted to participate at the BSA Cyclothon held in Bangalore by the last week of January 2011. So happy I started to fill out the registration form. But then I got stuck in surprise by reading this section:

The question is: What does a company called “Sport18″, which is a “division of Network18 Media and Investments Limited” (recited from the Terms and Conditions) which has been founded as “SGA Finance and Management Services Private Limited” in 1956 (see this PDF), doing with that data? It does not seem they have a lot to do with sports.

The answer is hidden in the Terms and Conditions:

1. First: “In consideration of the Participant’s use of the Event’s Website, the Participant agrees to: (i) provide true, accurate, current and complete information about the Participant contained in any registration form (such information being the ‘Registration Data’)”
2. And here it comes: “The Organizer reserves the right to use any photographs (including those of participants), motion pictures, recordings, or any other media records (remark: that also includes the registration data) of the Event, for any legitimate purpose including commercial advertising and distribution to the Sponsors.”

And the best thing: For the processing of your data for marketing purposes (“Hey, this guy does not have an insurance, so let’s call him/her!” or “Hey, this guy has an insurance, but let’s call him/her anyway, maybe we can change the policy!”), for that service you pay a registration fee of only Rs. 300. Although and to be truthfully, some of that money might be diverted into the actual race event.

However for absolutely no charge, I can cycle in the BBC races and sometimes a contribution of some money into the vitamin M box is considered to be nice.

Enjoy the ride! I have better things to do!

.

First one remark: This trip was one of the best so far. The landscape and countryside was remarkable, the roads in an excellent condition (at least 95% of the trip). Unfortunately nobody had a camera to capture some snaps. Maybe next time…

Ride report:
We, Sartaj and I, started at 4:20am in the morning for our journey to Hogenakkal in the south of Bangalore. At that time there was not much traffic on the roads of Bangalore, so we reached the long flyover leading from Bommanahalli to Electronics City along NH-7 very fast. We did not know that this flyover is so long and we assumed just another normal one. After we entered it, there was no way to get down from it, since there were no entry or exit points. However we enjoyed riding on it. It gave us the feeling as if we were flying over the houses. The only concern was that the flyover should end before we have to take the right turn towards Anekal. At the end of the flyover we saw the toll booths and while we approached them, the security guys started to run towards us. We got some scoldings saying that bicycles are prohibited on the flyover and we argued that they should put a sign at the beginning of the flyover and not to tell us at the end. They insisted that there is a sign. If there was one, then I must be blind, the sign is very small or they simply lied. We did not see anything.

After we entered the road to Anekal, fog started and the visibility (it was still dark) went down to a few meters in front of the cycle. In the meantime Sartaj’s front light ran out of batteries and could only emit some green light by 4 normal LEDs, which was barely visible, not to mention not able to lit the road at all. Around Anekal the sun came up and the fog dissolved in the warm sun rays. So far the roads were in medium till good condition with very less traffic. But that might also be due to the early hours.

From Anekal we went to Denkanikottai through village roads. As usual the roads are sometimes very good and sometimes very pathetic. After loading Idlis in Denkanikottai, we cycled further south to Anchetty. Starting from Denkanikottai the road goes mainly downhill and is in a very good condition with no traffic at all. After reaching Anchetty we stopped at a road shop to have some snacks that were prepared there. After taking some fried chips, a man came and told us that these things that we took, were not for sale and that this is not a road shop. If we want to eat something, we have to go to the hotel across the road. But we were still loaded with Idlis, so we simply left that place (even without paying).

From Anchetty we went to Billgundala and further to Hogenakkal where we had lunch at around 12pm. Mainly due to the downhill we could keep a nice pace and we were very enthusiastic to know that we are going to have dinner in the mess of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc). However this enthusiasm was damped shortly after we left Hogenakkal at 2pm towards Dharmapuri.

After the first major climb to Pennagaram we took a forest road back to Anchetty. There is a barrier so no car can enter that area and the road is in a very good condition. First there was a long descent, which helped us to raise our average speed. We had to cross rivers at 3 places, one river crossing was around 10m wide, but not very deep. However the river bed was filled with sand so it was impossible to cycle through that. Instead we had a bath to refresh. Shortly after the river crossing the ascent started towards Anchetty, which was a long and painful one with an excellent scenery. Many traces of elephants could be found so we needed to hurry up to leave that area before nightfall. At 6:30pm and round 45km from Hogenakkal we reached Anchetty (after more than 4hrs riding). Here we tried to find the road leading to Thally, but in the darkness we were not sure that we found the right one. In addition this road showed up only at specific low zoom levels on Google Maps and it was hard to see, if we were right. After talking to some locals, we dropped the idea and went on the known main road back to Denkanikottai.

Around 8km before Denkanikottai, Sartaj was at the end of his stamina and fortunately a milk van stopped, so we could load the cycle onto the truck. From now onwards I was alone in the pitch black night (no moon on that day) and the torch light has been proven to be very useful. With around another 100km to go to Bangalore, it was only a question of how fast can I cover that distance without cramping or getting tired. I reached Denkanikottai at 9:00pm and had some biscuits and refilled my water bottles.

The original plan was to go to Thally and from there back to Bangalore. However locals and police had warned us of elephants, so I wanted to cut short the dark, rarely used roads through villages. Hence I went straight to Hosur which I reached at 22:30pm. NH7 was heavily crowded and in a huge contrast to the roads that I had seen till now on this trip. However, it helped a lot to cover the distance back to IISc, which I reached at 1am (after approximately 18.5 hours of riding time and around 300km from the starting point). Actually the exact distance is unknown, since I had to save power to have GPS and maps available at critical intersections.

That was my first 300km ride and regarding the scenery it was very nice (one of the best rides so far). In my experience, it is a huge difference riding 300km on a highway or through the country side. I really appreciate Sartaj’s effort to stay with me for such a long time. If he had not shown up in the morning, I might have been tempted to ride alone. But 300km solo would have been very tough. Maybe next time…

Distance of the tour: 300km

GPX files

• Hogenakkal.gpx

.

Sometimes you can find strange squared black and white patterned images in the Internet these days like this one.

These images are called QR Codes (Quick Response) and they contain information such as an URL, binary data, or plain text. Nowadays an application (such as Barcode Scanner for Android) running on a cell phone makes use of the camera of the cell phone to read out its content. I started integrating the QR code to ease the download of the GPX, I collected during my cycles tours. If someone is interested in the same or similar tour, he can download the GPX traces easily by pointing the camera of his cell phone onto the code and the cell will start to download the file automatically. Ideally his cell phone has also a GPS receiver and a application such as TrekBuddy (with maps) installed so that the route can be followed easily. There is no complicated downloading the file to a PC, copying via e.g. Bluetooth etc. necessary anymore.

.

Saturday we started for an exploration tour in the south of Bangalore in preparation for the planned Hogenakal tour. In the morning Sartaj and I started from the usual starting point near C-Mess and went once completely across the whole city. Although the city itself was quite and we saw just a few vehicles, it took quite some time to reach Bannerghatta Road. The traffic on this road is significantly heavier and probably comparable with Doddaballapur Road. Near AMC College Sartaj realigned his back tire and when we wanted to continue, I experienced my first flat ever on a tour. A huge thorn pierced into the tube. Fortunately I had a spare tube with me and the repair took just a few minutes. It is quite an exercise to fill the air with the tiny BTwin pump.

We decided that the traffic was to heavy on this road to continue and we headed back for around 1km to take a turn into the greenery (towards Tulip Farm). Initially the road was good with no traffic at all. But then after a crossing, the road became bad covered with cobblestones. Maybe it is advisable to try out one of the alternative ways leading to the same exit of that park. We cycled on SH 87 towards Anekal, took a shortcut (very muddy road) to continue on SH 35 leading to Talai. Somewhere on the way we wondered about the street and village signs written in Tamil suddenly, we must have crossed the state border to Tamil Nadu. In Talai we had nice breakfast in one of the street shacks (opposite of the Women’s Labour Welfare Association) with an excellent Idly and Chatni.

So far we had a good and comfortable pace, but this was about to change shortly: in Talai we headed straight to the west to reach NH 209 leading from Bangalore to Kanakapura. And here the real adventure began
The last sign of civilization was a village in which the children warned us from proceeding further. In the Hindi, Kannada, English and Tamil mix we got to know that recently some elephants attacked and killed people in the forest ahead. Anyway we continued on the same road, which ended after around 1km behind the village. According to Google Maps this road should have continued, but we stood in the middle of the forest literally. No sign of a road. It became a narrow dried river bed with big boulders instead and many times we had to carry the cycle which was a real test for Sartaj’s Hercules Nu-Age cycle. Maybe it is a nice trail for BBC folks. In fact we met some locals later telling us that a group of cyclists are also in the same area, although we never saw them.

[Show as slideshow]

While we where struggling over the boulders, the kids from the village being interested in geared cycles and followed us continuously pointing out the danger coming from elephants and other places next to the path worth to see. Soon we left the kids behind and continued for several km on the trail with an amazing country side to see. Only after reaching Hanumanthanadoddi, the first sign of civilization (a village consisting of around 10 houses only), the path became a ground covered road again. Without any further struggle or bad road we continued till we hit NH 209 just 5km north of Kanakapura. We took this highway back to the institute, which was kind of boring due to the length, traffic and lack of changes.

Distance of the tour: 150km

GPX files

• Thalai2Kanakapura.gpx

.